Low levels of vitamin D are independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, according to a recent study . The study included 3,258 consecutive male and female patients. The main outcome measures were all-cause and cardiovascular deaths. Deaths were higher for those with the lowest level of vitamin D. These effects were independent of coronary artery disease, physical activity level, variables of mineral metabolism, and functional class. Low vitamin D levels were significantly correlated with variables of inflammation, oxidative burden and cell adhesion.